ovh

sc_crawler.vendors.ovh

Functions:

Name	Description
inventory_compliance_frameworks	Manual list of known compliance frameworks on OVHcloud.
inventory_regions	List all available OVHcloud Public Cloud regions.
inventory_zones	List all availability zones.
inventory_servers	List all server types (called "flavors" at OVHcloud).
inventory_server_prices	Fetch server pricing and regional availability.
inventory_server_prices_spot	There are no spot instances in OVHcloud Public Cloud.
inventory_storages	List all block storage offerings.
inventory_storage_prices	Extract storage prices from OVHCloud catalog.
inventory_traffic_prices	OVHcloud Public Cloud bandwidth pricing.
inventory_ipv4_prices	OVHcloud Public Cloud IPv4 pricing.

inventory_compliance_frameworks

inventory_compliance_frameworks(vendor)

Manual list of known compliance frameworks on OVHcloud.

Data sources:

• General information and list of supported compliance programs: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/
• ISO/IEC 27001/27017/27018: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/iso-27001-27017-27018/
• SOC 1, SOC 2, SOC 3 with SOC 2 Type 2 details: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/soc-1-2-3/

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_compliance_frameworks(vendor):
    """Manual list of known compliance frameworks on OVHcloud.

    Data sources:

    - General information and list of supported compliance programs: <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/>
    - ISO/IEC 27001/27017/27018: <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/iso-27001-27017-27018/>
    - SOC 1, SOC 2, SOC 3 with SOC 2 Type 2 details: <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/soc-1-2-3/>
    """
    # Additional OVHcloud compliance frameworks you may want to support later
    # (not yet present in lookup.py — listed here for reference only):
    #   - ISO/IEC 27017 (cloud security controls)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/iso-27001-27017-27018/
    #       Suggested ID: "iso27017"
    #   - ISO/IEC 27018 (protection of PII in public cloud)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/iso-27001-27017-27018/
    #       Suggested ID: "iso27018"
    #   - SOC 1 (SSAE18 Type 2)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/soc-1-2-3/
    #       Suggested ID: "soc1t2"
    #   - SOC 3 (general report)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/soc-1-2-3/
    #       Suggested ID: "soc3"
    #   - PCI DSS (payment card industry data security standard)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/pci-dss/
    #       Suggested ID: "pci-dss"
    #   - HDS (Hébergement de Données de Santé / Healthcare data hosting compliance)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/hds/
    #       Suggested ID: "hds"
    #   - ANSSI SecNumCloud (France national cloud security label)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/secnumcloud/
    #       Suggested ID: "secnumcloud"
    #   - ISO 14001 (environmental management systems — non-security but published by OVHcloud)
    #       URL: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/compliance/iso-14001/
    #       Suggested ID: "iso14001"
    return map_compliance_frameworks_to_vendor(vendor.vendor_id, ["iso27001", "soc2t2"])

inventory_regions

inventory_regions(vendor)

List all available OVHcloud Public Cloud regions.

Data sources:

• https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/regions-availability/
• https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/about-us/global-infrastructure/expansion-regions-az/
• https://vms.status-ovhcloud.com/
• Google Maps search for the datacenter location or city-level coordinates

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_regions(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """List all available OVHcloud Public Cloud regions.

    Data sources:

    - <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/regions-availability/>
    - <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/about-us/global-infrastructure/expansion-regions-az/>
    - <https://vms.status-ovhcloud.com/>
    - Google Maps search for the datacenter location or city-level coordinates
    """
    items = []
    regions = _get_regions()
    datacenters = {
        # Europe (EMEA)
        "SBG": {
            "country_id": "FR",
            "city": "Strasbourg",
            "address_line": "9 Rue du Bass. de l'Industrie",
            "zip_code": "67000",
            "lat": 48.5854388,
            "lon": 7.7974307,
        },
        "GRA": {
            "country_id": "FR",
            "city": "Gravelines",
            "address_line": "1 Rte de la Frm Masson",
            "zip_code": "59820",
            "lat": 51.0166852,
            "lon": 2.1551437,
        },
        "RBX": {
            "country_id": "FR",
            "city": "Roubaix",
            "address_line": "2 Rue Kellermann",
            "zip_code": "59100",
            "lat": 50.691834,
            "lon": 3.2003148,
        },
        "PAR": {
            "country_id": "FR",
            "city": "Paris",
            "address_line": "12 Rue Riquet",
            "zip_code": "75019",
            "lat": 48.8885363,
            "lon": 2.3755977,
        },
        "UK": {
            "country_id": "GB",
            "city": "London",
            "address_line": "8 Viking Way",
            "zip_code": "DA8 1EW",
            "lat": 51.4915264,
            "lon": 0.1668186,
        },
        "DE": {
            "country_id": "DE",
            "city": "Frankfurt",
            # city-level coordinates from Google Maps
            "lat": 50.1109221,
            "lon": 8.6821267,
        },
        "WAW": {
            "country_id": "PL",
            "city": "Warsaw",
            "address_line": "Kazimierza Kamińskiego 6",
            "zip_code": "05-850",
            "lat": 52.2077264,
            "lon": 20.8080621,
        },
        "MIL": {
            "country_id": "IT",
            "city": "Milan",
            # OVH office in Milan, Italy
            "lat": 45.4992183,
            "lon": 9.1832528,
        },
        # North America
        "BHS": {
            "country_id": "CA",
            "city": "Beauharnois",
            "address_line": "50 Rue de l'Aluminerie",
            "state": "Quebec",
            "zip_code": "J6N 0C2",
            "lat": 45.3093037,
            "lon": -73.8965535,
        },
        "TOR": {
            "country_id": "CA",
            "city": "Toronto",
            "address_line": "17 Vondrau Dr",
            "state": "Ontario",
            "zip_code": "N3E 1B8",
            "lat": 43.4273216,
            "lon": -80.3726843,
        },
        "HIL": {
            "country_id": "US",
            "city": "Hillsboro",
            "state": "Oregon",
            # city-level coordinates from Google Maps
            "lat": 45.520137,
            "lon": -122.9898308,
        },
        "VIN": {
            "country_id": "US",
            "city": "Vint Hill",
            "address_line": "6872 Watson Ct",
            "state": "North Virginia",
            "zip_code": "20187",
            "lat": 38.7474561,
            "lon": -77.6744531,
        },
        # Asia-Pacific
        "SGP": {
            "country_id": "SG",
            "city": "Singapore",
            "address_line": "1 Paya Lebar Link",
            "zip_code": "408533",
            "lat": 1.3177101,
            "lon": 103.893902,
        },
        "SYD": {
            "country_id": "AU",
            "city": "Sydney",
            # city-level coordinates from Google Maps
            "lat": -33.8727409,
            "lon": 151.2057136,
        },
        "YNM": {
            "country_id": "IN",
            "city": "Mumbai",
            # city-level coordinates from Google Maps
            "lat": 19.0824822,
            "lon": 72.7141328,
        },
    }

    vendor.progress_tracker.start_task(name="Fetching regions", total=len(regions))
    for region in regions:
        datacenter = _get_region(region)["datacenterLocation"]
        lookup = datacenters[datacenter]
        items.append(
            {
                "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                "region_id": region,
                "name": region,
                "api_reference": region,
                "display_name": f"{region} ({lookup['country_id']})",
                "aliases": [],
                "country_id": lookup["country_id"],
                "state": lookup.get("state"),
                "city": lookup.get("city"),
                "address_line": lookup.get("address_line"),
                "zip_code": lookup.get("zip_code"),
                "lon": lookup.get("lon"),
                "lat": lookup.get("lat"),
                # OVHcloud region page confirms Frankfurt (Limburg), Warsaw (Ożarów), London (Erith)
                # as specific datacenter locations opened in 2016
                "founding_year": 2016 if datacenter in ["DE", "WAW", "UK"] else None,
                "green_energy": None,
            }
        )
        vendor.progress_tracker.advance_task()
    vendor.progress_tracker.hide_task()

    return items

inventory_zones

inventory_zones(vendor)

List all availability zones.

Data sources:

• /cloud/project/{serviceName}/region/{regionName} API endpoint provides AZs for 3AZ regions
• 1AZ zones have a standard "a" suffix as per https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/about-us/global-infrastructure/expansion-regions-az/

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_zones(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """List all availability zones.

    Data sources:

    - `/cloud/project/{serviceName}/region/{regionName}` API endpoint provides AZs for 3AZ regions
    - 1AZ zones have a standard "a" suffix as per <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/about-us/global-infrastructure/expansion-regions-az/>
    """

    items = []
    regions = _get_regions()
    vendor.progress_tracker.start_task(name="Fetching zones", total=len(regions))
    for region in regions:
        zones = _get_region(region, _get_project_id())["availabilityZones"]
        if not zones:
            # single zone regions have a standard "a" suffix
            zones = [region.lower() + "-a"]
        for zone in zones:
            items.append(
                {
                    "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                    "region_id": region,
                    "zone_id": zone,
                    "name": zone,
                    "api_reference": zone,
                    "display_name": zone,
                }
            )
        vendor.progress_tracker.advance_task()
    vendor.progress_tracker.hide_task()
    return items

inventory_servers

inventory_servers(vendor)

List all server types (called "flavors" at OVHcloud).

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_servers(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """List all server types (called "flavors" at OVHcloud)."""
    items = []

    server_plans = [
        s
        for s in _get_catalog()["addons"]
        if (
            s.get("product") == "publiccloud-instance"
            and s.get("blobs")
            and s["blobs"].get("technical")
            # TODO list Windows machines later
            and s["blobs"].get("technical").get("os", {}).get("family") == "linux"
            # filter for hourly rates for now
            and s.get("planCode", "").endswith(".consumption")
        )
    ]
    # dedupe just in case
    servers = {}
    for server_plan in server_plans:
        servers[server_plan["invoiceName"]] = server_plan

    for server_id, server in servers.items():
        blobs = server.get("blobs", {})
        if not blobs:
            continue

        commercial = blobs.get("commercial", {})
        technical = blobs.get("technical", {})
        name = commercial.get("name", server_id)
        family = _get_server_family(server_id)

        # all resources are dedicated expect for the Discovery series
        vcpus = technical.get("cpu", {}).get("cores", 0)
        cpu_allocation = (
            CpuAllocation.SHARED
            if commercial.get("brickSubtype") == "discovery"
            else CpuAllocation.DEDICATED
        )

        memory = technical.get("memory", {})
        memory_size_gb = memory.get("size", None)
        memory_size = memory_size_gb * MIB_PER_GIB if memory_size_gb else None

        _gpu_count, _gpu_memory_total, gpu_manufacturer, gpu_family, _gpu_model = (
            _get_gpu_info(server_id)
        )
        gpu = technical.get("gpu", {})
        gpu_count = _gpu_count or gpu.get("number", 0)
        gpu_memory_per_gpu = (
            gpu.get("memory").get("size", 0) * MIB_PER_GIB
            if gpu.get("memory")
            else None
        )
        gpu_memory_total = _gpu_memory_total or (
            gpu_memory_per_gpu * gpu_count if gpu_memory_per_gpu and gpu_count else None
        )
        gpu_model = _gpu_model or gpu.get("model", None)

        has_nvme = any(
            "nvme"
            in disk.get("technology", "").lower() + disk.get("interface", "").lower()
            for disk in technical.get("storage", {}).get("disks", [])
        )
        storage_type = StorageType.NVME_SSD if has_nvme else StorageType.SSD
        storage_size = sum(
            [
                disk.get("number", 1) * disk.get("capacity", 0)
                for disk in technical.get("storage", {}).get("disks", [])
            ]
        )

        status = Status.ACTIVE if "active" in blobs.get("tags", []) else Status.INACTIVE

        description_parts = [
            f"{vcpus} vCPUs",
            f"{memory_size_gb} GiB RAM",
            f"{storage_size} GB {('NVMe' if has_nvme else 'SSD')} storage",
            (
                f"{gpu_count}x{gpu_model} {int(gpu_memory_per_gpu / MIB_PER_GIB)} GiB VRAM"
                if gpu_count and gpu_model
                else None
            ),
        ]
        description = f"{family} ({', '.join(filter(None, description_parts))})"

        items.append(
            {
                "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                "server_id": server_id,
                "name": server_id,
                "api_reference": server_id,
                "display_name": name,
                "description": description,
                "family": family,
                "vcpus": vcpus,
                # as per OVH FAQ: https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/virtual-instances/
                # alsoverified from lscpu on B3-8 instance (2025-11-17)
                "hypervisor": "KVM",
                "cpu_allocation": cpu_allocation,
                "cpu_cores": None,
                "cpu_speed": technical.get("cpu", {}).get("frequency"),
                "cpu_architecture": CpuArchitecture.X86_64,  # All OVHcloud instances use x86_64
                "cpu_manufacturer": None,
                "cpu_family": None,
                "cpu_model": None,
                "cpu_l1_cache": None,
                "cpu_l2_cache": None,
                "cpu_l3_cache": None,
                "cpu_flags": [],
                "cpus": [],
                "memory_amount": memory_size,
                "memory_generation": None,
                "memory_speed": None,
                "memory_ecc": None,
                "gpu_count": gpu_count,
                "gpu_memory_min": gpu_memory_per_gpu,
                "gpu_memory_total": gpu_memory_total,
                "gpu_manufacturer": gpu_manufacturer,
                "gpu_family": gpu_family,
                "gpu_model": gpu_model,
                "gpus": [],  # TODO fill this array
                "storage_size": storage_size,
                "storage_type": storage_type,
                "storages": [],
                "network_speed": technical.get("bandwidth", {}).get("level", None),
                # no bundled free traffic as all traffic is unmetered
                # https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-ie/public-cloud/prices/
                "inbound_traffic": 0,
                "outbound_traffic": 0,
                "ipv4": 1,  # each instance gets one IPv4
                "status": status,
            }
        )

    return items

inventory_server_prices

inventory_server_prices(vendor)

Fetch server pricing and regional availability.

Region availability information is fetched from the /cloud/project/{serviceName}/flavor API endpoint, then the related prices are fetched from the /order/catalog/public/cloud API endpoint.

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_server_prices(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """Fetch server pricing and regional availability.

    Region availability information is fetched from the
    `/cloud/project/{serviceName}/flavor` API endpoint, then the related prices
    are fetched from the `/order/catalog/public/cloud` API endpoint.
    """
    regions = scmodels_to_dict(vendor.regions, keys=["api_reference"])
    # list all addon prices and convert to a lookup dict
    catalog = _get_catalog()
    addons = {addon["planCode"]: addon for addon in catalog["addons"]}
    # list all server <> region offers with a link to the price list
    offers = _client().get(f"/cloud/project/{_get_project_id()}/flavor")
    offers = [o for o in offers if o["osType"] == "linux"]
    items = []
    vendor.progress_tracker.start_task(name="Fetching server offers", total=len(offers))
    for offer in offers:
        region = regions.get(offer["region"])
        addon = addons[offer["planCodes"]["hourly"]]
        if region is None:
            vendor.log(
                f"Excluding offer for {addon['invoiceName']} from unknown region: {offer['region']}"
            )
            continue
        # TODO check if server id is known for this vendor?
        for zone in region.zones:
            if zone.status != Status.ACTIVE:
                continue
            items.append(
                {
                    "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                    "region_id": region.region_id,
                    "zone_id": zone.zone_id,
                    "server_id": addon["invoiceName"],
                    "operating_system": addon["blobs"]["technical"]["os"]["family"],
                    "allocation": Allocation.ONDEMAND,
                    # we already filtered for hourly plan
                    "unit": PriceUnit.HOUR,
                    "price": (
                        addon["pricings"][0]["price"] / MICROCENTS_PER_CURRENCY_UNIT
                    ),
                    "price_upfront": 0,
                    "price_tiered": [],
                    "currency": catalog["locale"]["currencyCode"],
                    "status": Status.ACTIVE,
                }
            )
        vendor.progress_tracker.advance_task()
    vendor.progress_tracker.hide_task()
    return items

inventory_server_prices_spot

inventory_server_prices_spot(vendor)

There are no spot instances in OVHcloud Public Cloud.

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_server_prices_spot(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """There are no spot instances in OVHcloud Public Cloud."""
    return []

inventory_storages

inventory_storages(vendor)

List all block storage offerings.

Data sources:

• https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-ie/public-cloud/block-storage/
• API endpoint: /order/catalog/public/cloud with publiccloud-volume-classic product name

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_storages(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """List all block storage offerings.

    Data sources:

    - <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en-ie/public-cloud/block-storage/>
    - API endpoint: `/order/catalog/public/cloud` with `publiccloud-volume-classic` product name
    """
    items = [
        {
            "storage_id": "classic",
            "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
            "name": "Classic Volume",
            # quote from homepage
            "description": "Perfect for the daily application needs of databases, virtual machines, and backups.",
            "storage_type": StorageType.NETWORK,
            "max_iops": 500,
            "max_throughput": 64,
            "min_size": 10,
            "max_size": 12_288,
        },
        {
            "storage_id": "high-speed",
            "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
            "name": "High Speed Volume Gen 1",
            # quote from homepage
            "description": "Offers optimised and scalable performance, and is recommended for intensive workloads.",
            "storage_type": StorageType.NETWORK,
            "max_iops": 3_000,
            "max_throughput": 128,
            "min_size": 10,
            "max_size": 12_288,
        },
        {
            "storage_id": "high-speed-gen2",
            "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
            "name": "High Speed Volume Gen 2",
            # quote from homepage
            "description": "Offers optimised and scalable performance, and is recommended for intensive workloads.",
            "storage_type": StorageType.NETWORK,
            "max_iops": 20_000,
            "max_throughput": 320,
            "min_size": 10,
            "max_size": 12_288,
        },
    ]
    return items

inventory_storage_prices

inventory_storage_prices(vendor)

Extract storage prices from OVHCloud catalog.

The catalog does not provide a detailed price list, only differentiates the prices of the known 3 storage types between regions with a single or three zones, so we assume all storage types are available in all regions.

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_storage_prices(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """Extract storage prices from OVHCloud catalog.

    The catalog does not provide a detailed price list, only differentiates the
    prices of the known 3 storage types between regions with a single or three
    zones, so we assume all storage types are available in all regions.
    """
    catalog = _get_catalog()
    addons = {addon["planCode"]: addon for addon in catalog["addons"]}

    items = []
    for storage in vendor.storages:
        for region in vendor.regions:
            addon_name = f"volume.{storage.storage_id}.consumption"
            if len(region.zones) > 1:
                addon_name += ".3AZ"
            addon = addons[addon_name]
            price = addon["pricings"][0]["price"] / MICROCENTS_PER_CURRENCY_UNIT
            items.append(
                {
                    "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                    "region_id": region.region_id,
                    "storage_id": storage.storage_id,
                    "unit": PriceUnit.GB_MONTH,
                    "price": price * HOURS_PER_MONTH,
                    "currency": catalog["locale"]["currencyCode"],
                }
            )
    return items

inventory_traffic_prices

inventory_traffic_prices(vendor)

OVHcloud Public Cloud bandwidth pricing.

As per https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/prices:

Outbound public network traffic is included in the price of instances on all locations, except the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Sydney and Mumbai). In the tree regions, 1 TB/month of outbound public traffic is included for each Public Cloud project. Beyond this quota, each additional GB of traffic is charged. Inbound network traffic from the public network is included in all cases and in all regions.

The overage traffic priced at €0.01 ex. VAT/GB (see on the homepage after selecting one of the Asia-Pacific regions).

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_traffic_prices(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """OVHcloud Public Cloud bandwidth pricing.

    As per <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/prices>:

    > Outbound public network traffic is included in the price of instances on
    > all locations, except the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Sydney and
    > Mumbai). In the tree regions, 1 TB/month of outbound public traffic is
    > included for each Public Cloud project. Beyond this quota, each additional
    > GB of traffic is charged. Inbound network traffic from the public network
    > is included in all cases and in all regions.

    The overage traffic priced at €0.01 ex. VAT/GB (see on the homepage after
    selecting one of the Asia-Pacific regions).
    """
    # Outbound traffic pricing for Asia-Pacific regions (Singapore, Sydney, Mumbai)
    # Tier 1: 1-1024 GiB = Free (included in project quota)
    # Tier 2: 1025+ GiB = $0.0109/GB
    outbound_SYD_SGP_MUM_tiers = [
        {
            "lower": 1,
            "upper": 1024,
            "price": 0,
        },
        {
            "lower": 1025,
            "upper": "Infinity",
            "price": 0.01,
        },
    ]

    items = []
    for region in vendor.regions:
        # Incoming public traffic
        items.append(
            {
                "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                "region_id": region.region_id,
                "price": 0,
                "price_tiered": [],
                "currency": "EUR",
                "unit": PriceUnit.GB_MONTH,
                "direction": TrafficDirection.IN,
            }
        )
        # Outgoing public traffic
        datacenter = _get_region(region.region_id)["datacenterLocation"]
        # Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Sydney and Mumbai)
        is_apac = datacenter in ["SGP", "SYD", "YNM"]
        items.append(
            {
                "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                "region_id": region.region_id,
                "price": 0.01 if is_apac else 0,  # max tier price
                "price_tiered": outbound_SYD_SGP_MUM_tiers if is_apac else [],
                "currency": "EUR",
                "unit": PriceUnit.GB_MONTH,
                "direction": TrafficDirection.OUT,
            }
        )
    return items

inventory_ipv4_prices

inventory_ipv4_prices(vendor)

OVHcloud Public Cloud IPv4 pricing.

Note that the API catalog endpoint states the "publiccloud-publicip-ip" product to be free on the single-AZ and 3AZ regions, but it's listed at 1.5 EUR/month in the control panel for any additional public IPv4 address, so we use that value for now.

Data sources:

• https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/prices
• OVH Control Manager

Source code in sc_crawler/vendors/ovh.py

def inventory_ipv4_prices(vendor) -> list[dict]:
    """OVHcloud Public Cloud IPv4 pricing.

    Note that the API catalog endpoint states the "publiccloud-publicip-ip"
    product to be free on the single-AZ and 3AZ regions, but it's listed at 1.5
    EUR/month in the control panel for any additional public IPv4 address, so we
    use that value for now.

    Data sources:

    - <https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/prices>
    - OVH Control Manager
    """
    items = []
    for region in vendor.regions:
        # NOTE local zone prices are different, but these are skipped for now
        items.append(
            {
                "vendor_id": vendor.vendor_id,
                "region_id": region.region_id,
                "price": 1.5,
                "currency": "EUR",
                "unit": PriceUnit.MONTH,
            }
        )
    return items